October 2013

Brazilians on Social Media at Fore of Free-Speech Battle

Brazil is locked in a debate over freedom of expression, and at the center are its social-media users.

Brazil is the country where Google says it receives the most take-down requests from courts and governments in the world. Though Brazil's constitution protects free speech, the country's laws against anonymity and defamation have been increasingly used by celebrities, companies and government officials to censor their critics. Brazil lacks protections, common elsewhere, which free Internet service providers from responsibility over user-generated content. That tension, between free speech and legal protections, has consequences offline as well.

‘PBS NewsHour’ Looks to Change Ownership

MacNeil-Lehrer Productions will give up its ownership of the “The PBS NewsHour,” which has struggled financially in recent years, Jim Lehrer and Robert MacNeil told the staff.

They are talking with WETA, the Washington public television station, the program’s co-producer, about taking over ownership. MacNeil-Lehrer Productions, which is majority-owned by Liberty Media, is “offering to contribute to WETA our ownership stakes in the ‘NewsHour’ and all parts of MLP connected with the program.”

An Open Spectrum Auction Is Best for Consumers and Public Safety

[Commentary] The Federal Communications Commission will soon release guidelines for an incentive auction for wireless spectrum. The incentive auction that the FCC is currently designing will be unlike any prior auction for spectrum. The current owners of the spectrum (in this case, broadcasters) will offer spectrum for sale. However, like the auction of a piece of fine art, the sellers set the minimum price they are willing to accept for it. If the bidders (in this case, wireless carriers) do not meet the broadcasters’ price, the spectrum goes unsold, and the auction fails. If conducted properly, the Incentive Auction could bring tremendous benefits by enhancing wireless Internet and mobile phone capacity, raising billions of dollars in revenue for the US Treasury, and funding a dedicated public safety and first response network, which Congress established as a priority use for the proceeds of this auction. The spectrum to be auctioned has been estimated to be worth as much as $36 billion to wireless companies if it is sold in a fair, transparent and inclusive auction. But in this two-sided auction, the money raised from wireless carriers needs to pay for the broadcasters to give up their spectrum. If the FCC restricts Verizon and AT&T from bidding, the auction probably won’t raise as much money. Fewer broadcasters will sell less spectrum at lower prices with less new spectrum for mobile broadband and with less cash left over for the government. My analysis demonstrates that imposing restrictions on Verizon and AT&T could result in billions of dollars of lost revenue. In fact, if revenue falls below a certain level, the Incentive Auction could fail because there wouldn’t be enough money to pay the broadcasters to give up a useful amount of spectrum.

[Leslie Marx, PhD, Professor, Duke University]

Will the shutdown drive cybersecurity experts away from the government?

A Q&A with Mike Carpenter, President for the Americas at cybersecurity company McAfee.

How might the shutdown make government cybersecurity worse? Aside from skeleton crews managing networks in place of full staff during the government shutdown, Carpenter mentioned a particular challenge to cybersecurity caused by the government shutdown: a shortage of cybersecurity experts, who may, as a result of the shutdown, start to shy away from taking government jobs. “And the reason that someone would come to work for the government is most importantly support of the mission, but the second piece if you surveyed them would be about stability. I think the shutdown creates a bit of a gap in that belief about job security. With the shortage of workforce that you have and the demand you have for a cybersecurity workforce, I think it's going to open up some of the more talented cybersecurity experts to look at public versus privacy industry roles,” Carpenter said. “Whether you are at home or you're traveling, you're hearing a lot of people frustrated with what is happening in the political landscape. You combine that with the fact that they're at home, not working, wondering when this is going to stop, and it starts to have an impact and starts to threaten the core need of stability that they have in their life.”

Surveillance court cases delayed due to shutdown

Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, Facebook and LinkedIn will have to wait until the shutdown is over to see any movement on their lawsuits against the US government over surveillance transparency.

In a motion to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), the Department of Justice and the companies said they are unable to work on the case during the shutdown and asked the court to postpone a Oct. 21 deadline. The cases center around the five companies' requests to the US government for the ability to tell their users more specific information about the surveillance requests they receive. The Department of Justice cannot discuss the case with the companies because of the shutdown, the motion said. This includes allowing the companies “to access classified information” in the government’s heavily redacted response filed recently. A new deadline will be set once the shutdown ends, FISC Judge Reggie Walton ruled in granting the motion.

AT&T’s European Ambitions Include Regulatory Wish List

AT&T sees new wireless technology in Europe stimulating a slumping industry with billions of dollars in network upgrades and blazing-fast mobile service, with a caveat: Some rules need to be changed.

In a glimpse of its still-forming European strategy, AT&T, the largest US carrier, provided a wish list on what it would like to see from regulators to make an investment there worthwhile. During a visit to Europe, Chief Executive Officer Randall Stephenson called for consistent policies across different countries and for airwave licenses that offer more attractive terms for wireless companies. “How you manage spectrum policy will determine how much investment comes to Europe,” Stephenson said at the European Telecommunications Network Operators’ Association summit in Brussels. Stephenson said companies like AT&T need assurances that public policy can be conducive to investment in European networks, which need upgrades to long-term evolution, or LTE, technology. At the top of Stephenson’s wish list is an overhaul of rules governing spectrum. AT&T is looking for changes to airwave ownership rules that give carriers the ability to control broad areas of territory over long periods of time so that there is incentive to build for the future. Stephenson also said Europe needs a market where operators can swap spectrum, letting them assemble pieces of their network to become more efficient. And he called for regulators to stop designating specific technology, such as 3G data, for certain airwave licenses, giving companies more flexibility to use the spectrum as they see fit.

NAMIC: Industry Needs Greater Focus On Diversity

[Commentary] Executives at the National Association for Multi-Ethnicity in Communications (NAMIC) said recent industry survey results, which combine WICT’s PAR (Pay Equity, Advancement Opportunities and Resources for Work/Life Integration) Initiative and NAMIC’s AIM (Advancement Investment Measurement) employment survey, showed that the industry needs to remain committed to hiring and promoting women and people of color across all levels.

The overall percentage of women in the cable fell 5% over the last decade, but women increased their numbers within the executive and senior management levels, according to Gale Greenfield, principal for global HR consulting firm Mercer, which helped facilitate the surveys. While the number of people of color in the cable workforce increased by 5%, the group’s representation in upper management levels dropped since NAMIC’s last AIM report two years ago, she added. Adria Alpert-Romm, senior executive vice president of human resources and global diversity for Discovery Communications, said the first steps to improving diversity within cable’s employment ranks is to make sure companies are successfully recruiting people of color and women and then promoting them from within. The industry needs to continually measure its diversity efforts to know where it needs to improve, according to Jacqueline Hernandez COO Telemundo Media. Rhonda Taylor, executive vice president and chief people officer for Cox Communications, added that you have to be willing to take chances and adequately train women and people of color for upper management positions even if they don’t initially have managerial experience. Alpert-Romm said ad sales are one area that women and people of color are underrepresented. Another area for diversity growth is business services, according to Cohen, as well as the sports field for women and the tech sector for women, Hispanics and African-Americans.

Old-Media Values in New-Media Venues

[Commentary] Once upon a time, there was old media. It was reported, edited, top-edited, copy-edited, and fact-checked. It was good. And there was new media. It was fast, hungry, loosely edited, quick to fix the mistakes it often made. It was good enough.

These days, the web seems a bit less wild and more polished. Everywhere you look, there are signs that publishers are importing traditional journalism values to the constantly shifting digital environment. The web continues to do what it does better than print -- delivering on-the-minute stories with a conversational tone to an always-connected audience. The blog post, as one distinct unit of digital journalism, still offers what Andrew Sullivan called in 2008 “the spontaneous expression of instantaneous thought…accountable in immediate and unavoidable ways to readers.” But increasingly, digital journalism does its business while embracing certain core beliefs typically associated with old media. Expectations in respect to design have improved since the advent of new media, but also concerning careful editing. The results of a reader study suggest that, while there’s always the case of that quickie aggregation post that goes viral, readers do reward enterprise. It’s been refreshing to confirm that, on the web, as in print, quality, however it might be defined or measured, is the ultimate driver of success. The changing newsroom culture may be one of the best opportunities for transmitting mainstream journalism values to the new order of things.

IT experts: Healthcare.gov is still a mess

No question about it: Healthcare.gov is a wreck.

Early reports about the website being unresponsive and flaky came flooding in within the first few hours of the site going live. The most crucial part of the site, the sign-up system for the Federal Health Insurance Marketplace (FHIM), turned out to be the most problematic. What went wrong? Slate pointed out that one of the errors returned from the site hinted at an Oracle database problem, apparently because "the front-end static website and the back-end servers (and possibly some dynamic components of the Web pages) were developed by two different contractors." Another analysis by AppDynamics founder Jyoti Bansal, as seen in the Washington Post, came to a similar conclusion: The back end was the bigger culprit. He noted that adding server capacity probably wouldn't change anything. "It’s like you have four lanes in the highway converging into three lanes of a bottleneck," Jyoti said, "If your software isn't designed to reach all the lanes, that will happen." Source code for the site has since been published on GitHub -- it's built with Ruby and Jekyll -- but that repository does not include any of the actual data for the FHIM. As the Huffington Post pointed out, there's no development history for the code -- it's all been checked in as a single commit.

John Pavley at the Huffington Post felt that on looking at the code, the core of the problem was clear: The site was a rush job. Developers are already gleaning lessons aplenty from the failure. James Turner at programming.oreilly.com cited four major takeaways: do load testing; "pretty doesn't trump functional"; validation logic has to be, well, valid; and user experience is "a very precise art."

NSA Says It Has 'Mitigated' Meltdowns At Utah Data Farm

The National Security Agency acknowledges technical problems at its new data farm. "The failures that occurred during testing have been mitigated," says NSA spokeswoman Vanee Vines.

The Utah facility is part of an NSA "data cloud" that will collect, process and store so much electronic data that experts have had difficulty estimating its full capacity. The NSA won't disclose details. Analysts from the NSA and other federal intelligence agencies will access the data cloud from remote locations around the globe. NSA officials say that the increased intelligence gathering capacity is devoted to preventing and investigating foreign terrorist threats.