The September 11, 2001 attacks prompted a national effort to improve how federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies share information. Federal money poured into police departments so they could fulfill their new, unfamiliar role as the “eyes and ears” of the intelligence community. These funds helped create a network of special intelligence and counterterrorism units, including Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTFs), which investigate terrorism cases, and data “fusion centers.”
To learn how state and local agencies are operating in this new intelligence architecture, the Brennan Center surveyed 16 major police departments, 19 affiliated fusion centers, and 14 JTTFs in a new report, . What we found was organized chaos: A sprawling, federally subsidized, and loosely coordinated system to share information that is collected according to varying standards with little rigor and oversight. We do know, however, that the information sharing system built in the last decade has serious flaws. And these flaws may jeopardize both our safety and our civil liberties.
The Brennan Center has identified three major reasons the system is ineffective:
- Information sharing among agencies is governed by inconsistent rules and procedures that encourage gathering useless or inaccurate information. This poorly organized system wastes resources and also risks masking crucial intelligence.
- As an increasing number of agencies collect and share personal data on federal networks, inaccurate or useless information travels more widely. Independent oversight of fusion centers is virtually non-existent, compounding these risks.
- Oversight has not kept pace, increasing the likelihood that intelligence operations violate civil liberties and harm critical police-community relations.