July 2016

An open letter from technology sector leaders on Donald Trump’s candidacy for President

We are inventors, entrepreneurs, engineers, investors, researchers, and business leaders working in the technology sector. We are proud that American innovation is the envy of the world, a source of widely-shared prosperity, and a hallmark of our global leadership. We believe in an inclusive country that fosters opportunity, creativity and a level playing field. Donald Trump does not. He campaigns on anger, bigotry, fear of new ideas and new people, and a fundamental belief that America is weak and in decline. We have listened to Donald Trump over the past year and we have concluded: Trump would be a disaster for innovation.

His vision stands against the open exchange of ideas, free movement of people, and productive engagement with the outside world that is critical to our economy — and that provide the foundation for innovation and growth. We also believe in the free and open exchange of ideas, including over the Internet, as a seed from which innovation springs. Donald Trump proposes “shutting down” parts of the Internet as a security strategy — demonstrating both poor judgment and ignorance about how technology works. His penchant to censor extends to revoking press credentials and threatening to punish media platforms that criticize him. We stand against Donald Trump’s divisive candidacy and want a candidate who embraces the ideals that built America’s technology industry: freedom of expression, openness to newcomers, equality of opportunity , public investments in research and infrastructure, and respect for the rule of law. We embrace an optimistic vision for a more inclusive country, where American innovation continues to fuel opportunity, prosperity and leadership.

Microsoft wins landmark appeal over seizure of foreign e-mails

A federal appeals court said Microsoft and other companies cannot be forced to turn over customer e-mails stored on servers outside the United States. The 3-0 decision by a panel of the 2nd US Circuit Court of Appeals in New York was a victory for privacy advocates, as well as for technology companies hoping to offer cloud computing and other services to customers around the world.

Circuit Judge Susan Carney said communications held by US service providers on servers located outside the United States are beyond the reach of domestic search warrants issued under the Stored Communications Act, a 1986 federal law. "Congress did not intend the SCA's warrant provisions to apply extraterritorially," she wrote. "The focus of those provisions is protection of a user's privacy interests." Microsoft had been challenging a warrant seeking e-mails stored on a server in Dublin, Ireland, in a narcotics case. It was believed to be the first US company to challenge a domestic search warrant seeking data held outside the country. July 14's decision reversed a July 2014 ruling by then-Chief Judge Loretta Preska of the US District Court in Manhattan requiring Microsoft to turn over the e-mails. It also voided a contempt finding against the company.

Google Faces New Round of Antitrust Charges in Europe

When it comes to Europe’s lengthy investigations into Google, Margrethe Vestager, the region’s competition chief, is hoping that the third time’s a charm. Vestager announced a new round of antitrust charges against the company — the third set since early 2015 — claiming that some of the company’s advertising products had restricted consumer choice. The efforts are part of her continuing push to rein in Google’s activities in the European Union, where the Silicon Valley company has captured roughly 90 percent of the region’s online search market.

“Google’s conduct, based on our evidence, is harmful to consumers,” she said. “Google’s magnificent innovations don’t give it the right to deny competitors the chance to innovate.” The announcement represents a setback for Google, which vigorously denied any wrongdoing in two previous European antitrust charges linked to Android, its popular mobile operating system, and some of its dominant online search services. It also comes at a difficult time for Europe’s competition authorities, which have been unable to land a knockout punch against Google’s perceived abusive activities in the region, despite investigations that date back to 2010. The stakes are high. Google could face fines of up to 10 percent, or about $7 billion, of its global annual revenue if it is found to have broken Europe’s tough competition rules.

Some lawmakers want to let the FBI monitor your Internet and email activity — without oversight

[Commentary] In response to June’s mass shooting in Orlando (FL), Congress has been debating various proposals to combat home-grown terrorism. You’ve probably heard the most about measures to restrict gun purchases. But here’s what you may have missed: Lawmakers are also pushing to expand the FBI’s surveillance powers. And in a big way.

Sens John McCain (R-AZ) and Richard Burr (R-NC) offered an amendment eight days after the Orlando shooting that would allow FBI agents — without a court order — to capture a person’s email logs, IP address and Internet browsing history. To obtain a user’s records from a service provider, FBI investigators would need only their field supervisor to issue an administrative subpoena, known as a national security letter (NSL). The McCain-Burr amendment fell just two votes short of the 60 needed for final action. But the Senate will very likely try again. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) has reserved the option to reintroduce the McCain-Burr amendment at a later date. Two other Senate bills under consideration contain nearly identical language. So will the United States authorize the FBI to monitor Internet and email activity at its own discretion? If Congress really wants to prevent the FBI from using national security letters to collect and keep private records at its own discretion, as broadly as it wishes, for any purpose, it must write minimization requirements into law.

[EJ Graff is a senior fellow at the Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism at Brandeis University. William Bendix is assistant professor of political science at Keene State College. Paul J. Quirk is professor and Phil Lind Chair in US Politics at the University of British Columbia.]

An Update on Our Review of the Good Faith Retransmission Consent Negotiation Rules

Today I announce that we will not proceed at this time to adopt additional rules governing good faith negotiations for retransmission consent. Now let me be clear; this does not mean the Federal Communications Commission will turn a blind eye to disputes. Nor does it mean that Congress couldn’t expand the scope of the Commission’s authority in this space. What this decision does mean is that “totality of circumstances” is pretty broad and ought not to be constrained. There is nothing in the record that suggests that our current totality of the circumstances test, which is intentionally broad, is inadequate to address the negotiating practices of broadcast stations or multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) in the marketplace today.

What we need is not more rules, but for both sides in retransmission consent negotiations to take seriously their responsibility to consumers, who expect to watch their preferred broadcast programming without interruption and to receive the subscription TV service for which they pay. The Commission can investigate a potential good faith violation on its own and take enforcement action when a party fails to fulfill its statutory obligations.

Rep Clarke: Minorities Need National Media Voice

Rep Yvette Clarke (D-NY) says it is time for minorities to be able to frame their own stories rather than have them filtered through a media that does not reflect them in front of or behind the camera. Rep Clarke was speaking at the Multicultural Media, Telecom and Internet Council's 14th annual Access to Capital and Telecom Policy Conference. "We don't have the voice of our own media at the national level to provide perspective," she said, talking about the reporting on the police shootings of unarmed black men. She said that social media has provided one way of not having to view the stories "through the lens of others." But she also said it should not be the case that they have to "tweet it out" in order to "plead our case." That is why there needs to be diverse media owned and operated by people "who look just like us." "We can't go to those who have marginalized it for so long to present our story. It just won't work." Rep Clarke in May formed the Multicultural Media Caucus to promote greater representation of minorities in the media.

Also weighing in at the conference was Rep Tony Cardenas (D-CA), who said communications was the people’s space, not corporate America’s, adding that those corporations should reflect the diversity of their audiences but don’t. He said Congress’ job was to hold up a mirror to that fact.

Democratic Reps Attempt to Boost FTC Privacy Authority

The House Commerce Committee has defeated two amendments from Democratic Reps to a reform bill that would have given the Federal Trade Commission authority to regulate broadband Internet service provider consumer privacy and more authority to regulate edge provider privacy. That came in a full committee mark-up July 14 on the FTC Process and Transparency Reform Act of 2016 (HR 5510), that would clarify what conduct the Federal Trade Commission can cite for unfairness under its authority to go after unfair and deceptive practices and how it determines that to be the case. The Judiciary Committee is also considering the FTC reform bill.

One amendment would have given the FTC authority to create rules that protect consumer privacy on websites. The Democratic Reps on the committee said that if the Republican Reps want a level playing field in broadband privacy, rather than prevent the Federal Communications Commission from adopting new rules on broadband privacy, a better answer is give the FTC more FCC-like rulemaking authority. Republican Reps countered that was a slippery slope, that the FTC was an enforcement agency, not a rulemaking agency. That amendment was defeated by a vote of 27 to 17. A second amendment would have eliminated the common carrier exemption that required the FCC to take over broadband privacy oversight when it reclassified ISPs as common carriers. Democratic Reps argued that would be an elegant solution to boosting the FTC's ability to regulate privacy. Republican Reps said that the FCC would not give up its abusive, mission creep authority just because the FTC also got oversight. That amendment was defeated by a voice vote.

Trump, Clinton both threaten free press

[Commentary] The White House Correspondents’ Association is alarmed by the treatment of the press in the 2016 presidential campaign. The public’s right to know is infringed if certain reporters are banned from a candidate's events because the candidate doesn’t like a story they have written or broadcast, as Donald Trump has done. Similarly, refusing to regularly answer questions from reporters in a press conference, as Hillary Clinton has, deprives the American people of hearing from their potential commander-in-chief in a format that is critical to ensuring he or she is accountable for policy positions and official acts.

We believe that whenever media access is restricted, the public’s right to know is restricted. Transparency is the key to a well-informed electorate, and without a well-informed electorate, our democracy is put in jeopardy. We will continue to advocate for more access during this presidential campaign. If we cannot do our job, then the American people cannot do theirs. That’s why we are concerned both with the rhetoric directed at the media in this campaign and the level of press access to the candidates. Both Clinton and Trump can do better.

[Carol Lee, the outgoing president of the White House Correspondents’ Association, is the White House correspondent for The Wall Street Journal. Jeff Mason, incoming president of the WHCA, is the White House correspondent for Reuters.]

What If Cameras Stopped Telling the Truth?

Cheap smartphones with cameras have brought the power take documentary evidence to just about anyone, and the credibility of phone-shot video has held up in court and in the news. But a patent awarded to Apple in June hints at a future where invisible signals could alter the images that smartphone cameras capture—or even disable smartphone cameras entirely.

Apple filed for the patent in 2011, proposing a smartphone camera that could respond to data streams encoded in invisible infrared signals. The signals could display additional information on the phone’s screen: If a user points his or her camera at a museum exhibit, for example, a transmitter placed nearby could tell the phone to show information about the object in the viewfinder. A different type of data stream, however, could prevent the phone from recording at all. Apple’s patent also proposes using infrared rays to force iPhone cameras to shut off at concerts, where video, photo, and audio recording is often prohibited. Yes, smartphones are the scourge of the modern concert, but using remote camera-blocking technology to curb their use opens up a dangerous potential for abuse. What happens if someone else can use technology to enforce limits on how you use your smartphone camera, or to alter the images that you capture without your consent? In public spaces in the US, that would be illegal: Courts have generally ruled that the First Amendment protects people’s right to take pictures when they’re in a public area like a park, plaza, or street. Private spaces are a different story entirely.