How State Policy Shapes Broadband Deployment

States are playing a crucial role in efforts to expand broadband to the 21 million to 163 million Americans who still lack access to this critical service, encouraging broadband investment and helping to bring more of their residents online. To close gaps in access, almost every state has established broadband task forces or offices to centralize their efforts and many have set up dedicated funds aimed at reducing the number of state residents who lack broadband access. And by passing laws governing broadband construction and service, state legislatures have shaped how state agencies, local governments, internet service providers, and community anchor institutions—including hospitals, schools, and libraries—can boost connectivity. Through the policies they adopt, states can:

• Shape how broadband is deployed. Legislatures do this by defining what broadband is; establishing which government entities have authority over broadband deployment; setting goals for deployment programs; requiring data collection about broadband access in the state; and providing guidance to state agencies and/or third parties on expanding access.
• Clarify how stakeholders conduct and engage in deployment efforts. State laws can help internet service providers, community organizations, researchers, and other government officials understand who may provide broadband service, establish available incentives, and create rules under which local governments may invest in expansion efforts.