Friday, April 10, 2020
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The US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) ReConnect broadband program, which awards grants and loans to expand rural connectivity, has distributed more than $620 million to 70 providers in 31 states as part of ReConnect round one. Just over half of the awardees are community networks, including rural cooperatives, local governments, community agencies, and a tribal provider. The other ReConnect awardees are locally owned providers. Almost all grant and loan recipients plan to build high-quality fiber networks with the funds. While the impact will be limited by the relatively modest size of the program and restrictive eligibility requirements, the ReConnect awards will nevertheless lead to improved economic opportunity and quality of life in rural areas. These investments will enable more rural Americans to take advantage of precision agriculture, online education, and telehealth visits — services that are now more important than ever as the nation finds itself in the grips of a pandemic.
I live in rural America cut off from the internet. The pandemic has made me more isolated than ever.
When I moved to Drain (OR) population 1,169, I did so because it was my dream to buy a small farm and land is cheaper here than in larger towns. What I didn’t realize was that in rural America, internet options are often limited. Now that the libraries and businesses I used to rely on for internet have closed, the threads of connection I clung to before have been taken away. I cannot rent DVDs. I cannot go to the library to work. Even cruising grocery store aisles is a bad idea. The irony is that because most places are closed, people without internet access need it to survive more than ever. If an employee isn’t considered essential and can’t work online, they lose their income. Students without internet cannot join their classmates on Zoom, setting them back in the school year. Workouts are going online. Therapy is going online. Online shopping has been deemed the safest option.
But those in rural communities — as well as low-income communities — are being left behind.
[Karie Fugett is a contributing writer for the Economic Hardship Reporting Project.]
Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian, who has previously waded into debates on net neutrality, slammed the Federal Communications Commission and broadband companies for not doing enough to address the digital divide. In a video with Rep. Stephanie Murphy (D-FL), as the tech executive and the congresswoman discussed how the pandemic has underscored the broadband gap, Ohanian said that “this current FCC has not shown much of an interest” in expanding broadband to parts of rural America with little to no connectivity and that “I'd love to see more leverage put on broadband companies.” “No one's particularly a big fan of their cable company,” Ohanian added. “We’ve facilitated an oligopoly — basically there's only a few per region, they don't really have to compete. And in America, in a capitalist system where there's no competition [it’s] a big problem because the whole point is we, as consumers, are supposed to be better off when there’s competition. And because there isn’t, these broadband companies have been able to get away with it for too long.”
State Broadband Initiatives: Selected State and Local Approaches as Potential Models for Federal Initiatives to Address the Digital Divide
To further assist in closing the digital divide, states have been developing their own broadband programs and initiatives. Although many state broadband initiatives focus on building out broadband infrastructure, states have also been considering other factors. As each state approaches broadband access and deployment differently, this report analyzes selected state-level and local initiatives that have tried different approaches—approaches that may serve as models for future federal broadband initiatives. These include initiatives that address broadband mapping, broadband feasibility, digital equity and digital inclusion, gigabit broadband initiatives, and the homework gap. Among the options Congress may consider are:
- holding hearings with state officials involved in state broadband initiatives to hear their stories, successes, and lessons learned;
- developing pilot broadband initiatives to evaluate the feasibility of different approaches;
- providing additional funding and oversight for state initiatives to help improve their sustainability; and
- finding ways to address duplicative funding while not unintentionally exacerbating the exclusion of unserved and underserved communities.
In any case, there appears to be an opportunity for states to share lessons learned from their approaches to closing the digital divide.
Education
Ed Secretary DeVos Rapidly Delivers More Than $6 Billion in Emergency Cash Grants for College Students Impacted by Coronavirus Outbreak
Education Secretary Betsy DeVos announced more than $6 billion will be distributed immediately to colleges and universities to provide direct emergency cash grants to college students whose lives and educations have been disrupted by the coronavirus outbreak. The funding is available through the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, signed into law by President Donald Trump March 27.
The CARES Act provides nearly $14 billion to support postsecondary education students and institutions. Colleges and universities are required to utilize the $6.28 billion made available April 9 to provide cash grants to students for expenses related to disruptions to their educations due to the COVID-19 outbreak, including things like course materials and technology as well as food, housing, health care, and childcare.
This digital divide has always left children and adults alike with fewer educational and economic opportunities. But with schools, libraries, and workplaces closed during the coronavirus pandemic, those without broadband are struggling to access schoolwork, job listings, unemployment benefit applications, and video chat services that others use to keep in touch with friends and family. For those on the wrong side of the digital divide, working from home isn’t an option.
Some schools are employing low-tech solutions. Bandon School District on Oregon’s southern coast plans to deliver and collect physical packets of learning materials and assignments to the 18 percent of students who superintendent Doug Ardiana says lacks internet at home. For students who lack internet access, the school will send packets of materials to their homes, either through the mail or with school bus drivers wearing protective gear. Students who can use them will get DVDs or thumb drives with the recorded lectures parents of her students who lack broadband internet will take pictures of completed assignments with their phones and send them to her for grading. Students in the district who can’t return assignments that way will send completed assignments back with bus drivers or the postal service, and someone at their school, also wearing protective gear, will scan the assignments and upload them to a server that teachers can access from home. Teachers will review and correct the assignments and print them out, and the corrected assignments will go back to the students three days later.
I write to express my sincere appreciation for the extraordinary leadership you have shown on all communications policy matters, especially regarding 5G advanced wireless services, and to seek your direct assistance on an issue of great importance to our nation. I believe that only you personally, with your unique ability to cut through the bureaucratic stonewalling, can free the necessary
spectrum bands to provide our wireless providers the means to succeed.
Under your direction, the US military has been vastly improved and better funded to ensure it regains its prominence as the finest and strongest force ever seen on the face of the Earth. At the same time, it is clear that more can be done to improve spectrum efficiency within the Department of Defense (DoD). Indeed, the reallocation of spectrum from DoD is not mutually exclusive with national security and must be pursued for the betterment of the American people and to ensure the continued success of our military under your leadership. In sum, I believe that only with your personal and active engagement will DoD reduce its spectrum footprint in a timely manner to promote 5G services. I implore you to exercise your exemplary skills in responding to this critical need.
The transport infrastructure for 5G is just as important as the other elements of the 5G network, and transport technologies are having to be updated for this next generation of wireless. Shane McClelland, VP of transport products at Ericsson North America, says that the way mobile backhaul has been handled up until now, won’t suffice in the 5G era. “The industry has created new architectures for [Radio Access Network] RAN,” said McClelland. He said, “We used to have just a couple of simple interfaces in a distributed RAN world. We had [Common Public Radio Interface] CPRI, which connected our radios to our baseband over dark fiber. Then we had the S1 and X2 interface that went across the IP network back to the packet core location.” But 5G introduces more complexity in the transport network. It introduces new architectures such as Cloud RAN and virtual RAN. There are front-haul and mid-haul interfaces. And CPRI is evolving to enhanced CPRI.
Trump administration officials sought to revoke federal licenses used by China Telecom to do business in the US as part of a broader campaign to curb global Chinese technology interests on national security grounds. A collection of federal agencies led by the Department of Justice and including the departments of Defense and Homeland Security asked the Federal Communications Commission to permanently revoke licenses the Chinese internet service provider’s US subsidiary has used since 2007 to act as a “common carrier” connecting domestic and overseas networks. The FCC has final authority over the decision but often defers to national security officials at other agencies. The proposal, if adopted, would effectively bar China Telecom from serving US clients and could hinder its ability to send data across American networks.
The agencies’ decision cited an “evolving national security environment since 2007 and increased knowledge of the [People's Republic of China]’s role in malicious cyber activity targeting the United States.” State-owned China Telecom is one of China’s three major phone and internet providers and has operations around the world. The US agencies also claimed China Telecom made inaccurate statements to officials about where it stores US records, that its lax network security threatened American interests, and that the company disrupted and misrouted internet traffic. The filing details 10 such reported incidents from 2010-2019 that interrupted Facebook’s US traffic, Google’s global traffic and the US Energy Department’s traffic.
The Senate Commerce Committee will hold one of the first known congressional “paper hearings” to discuss the use of personal data during the coronavirus outbreak, which has forced Capitol Hill to move much of its business online. The session, as the name indicates, will be carried out entirely through written statements, questions and responses set to be posted online, with witnesses having four days to respond to queries from lawmakers after the end of business April 9.
Some say holding a virtual hearing should be a cinch for Commerce. “It’s sad on many levels…Congress has had years to develop the capacity for live virtual hearings,” said Daniel Castro, vice president at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation think tank. He added that the topic of the hearing brought a certain level of irony to the low-tech format. “The worst part is that this is a hearing about big data and tech, and holding this hearing on paper smacks of Luddism,” he said.
4-H and Microsoft released a report that captures how much broadband can mean to youth and their communities. The report is based on a survey of more than 1,500 teens, ages 13 to 19, that was conducted in November 2019.
- High-Speed broadband internet access is not equitably distributed
- 1 in 6 rural teens do not have access to Broadband Internet
- 22% of rural teens deal with an Internet connection that is sometimes reliable at best
- Lack of access to broadband internet interferes with teens’ confidence
- They are less confident about graduating, finding a job, and financial success
- They also feel less confident when comparing themselves to the average American their age
- Teens with broadband are more optimistic about their social mobility for higher education and their careers
- 82% of teens with broadband feel they have more opportunities to be successful in life than their parents did.
- Only 59% of teens without Broadband access say their school adequately prepared them with the digital skills they need to succeed compared to 74% of teens with broadband access.
- Teens with broadband access are more likely to reap the benefits of community and get invested in its future
- They are more likely to feel a sense of belonging or empowerment from their community
- Teens with access are more likely to be involved in social causes they care about
Broadcasting
FCC Provides TV Stations Flexibility to Air Local Community Events, Like Religious Services
The Federal Communications Commission's Media Bureau issued a temporary, limited waiver to TV broadcasters to enable them to more easily air live and taped same-day local content, like religious services, during time slots regularly dedicated to children's programming
There’s no such thing as a “new” idea, said Mark Twain. In the Federal Communications Commission World there really isn’t because someone thought of almost every great new idea 50 years earlier. That someone was the FCC world’s Visionary-in-Chief, former FCC General Counsel and National Telecommunications & Information Administration Director Henry Geller. On April 7, at the age of 96, Henry passed away. Who in their field has matched what Henry accomplished in ours? Irving Berlin (songs). James Brown (dances). Abe Lincoln (oratory). Yes, he was that prolific. Consider this short and incomplete list of Henry’s Greatest Hits:
- Viewer and listener standing in broadcast cases (1966 – along with Dr. Everett Parker)
- Opening the FCC commissioners’ offices, and the Office of General Counsel, to minority lawyers and law clerks (1967)
- Prohibiting racial discrimination by broadcast licensees (1969)
- Minority media incubators (1969)
- Banning cigarette advertising on television (1970)
- Exempting presidential debates from the equal time rule (1975)
- Replacing comparative hearings with auctions (1977; implemented 1992)
- Spectrum fees paid by commercial broadcasters to underwrite noncommercial ones (1978 – but never implemented)
- The Children’s Television Act (1990).
When communications attorney Robert McDowell started feeling a little under the weather in March, he chalked it up to seasonal allergies and related bronchitis and got the usual antibiotic from his primary care physician. Then his symptoms worsened. It wasn’t seasonal allergies. After a trip to the hospital and back home again, the former Federal Communications Commissioner was re-admitted with what turned out to be COVID-19-related double pneumonia. Throughout the arc of his escalating illness he was tweeting occasional status reports that had his many friends in Washington communications circles concerned, then emailing each other with many questions and no answers as his tweets stopped for several days. His silence was understandable in retrospect.
Benton (www.benton.org) provides the only free, reliable, and non-partisan daily digest that curates and distributes news related to universal broadband, while connecting communications, democracy, and public interest issues. Posted Monday through Friday, this service provides updates on important industry developments, policy issues, and other related news events. While the summaries are factually accurate, their sometimes informal tone may not always represent the tone of the original articles. Headlines are compiled by Kevin Taglang (headlines AT benton DOT org) and Robbie McBeath (rmcbeath AT benton DOT org) — we welcome your comments.
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