Monday, September 26, 2022
Headlines Daily Digest
Today's Events include From the Ground Up: Broadband Mapping By and For Communities
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A Proposal to Create the Foundation for Digital Equity
Court Denies LightBox’s Motion for Judgment on FCC's Broadband Fabric Contract
Digital Inclusion
Broadband Funding
Broadband Mapping and Speed
Emergency Communications
Interconnection
Wireless
TV
Platforms/Social Media
Research
Stories From Abroad
Company/Industry News
Digital Inclsion
On September 15, U.S. Senators Ben Ray Luján (D-NM), Jeff Merkley (D-OR), Martin Heinrich (D-NM), Ed Markey (D-MA), Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), and Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) joined Representative Doris Matsui (D-CA) in introducing the Digital Equity Foundation Act of 2022. The bill would establish a nonprofit foundation to leverage public and private investments to make progress closing the divides on digital equity, digital inclusion, and digital literacy. As the bill's sponsors note, Congressionally-established nonprofit foundations have had great success in supporting the missions of various government agencies, including the National Institutes of Health, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and the National Park Service, and provide a mechanism to leverage public-private partnerships and support innovation. Here we look at the major provisions of the bill.
The Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) — which is a federal benefit intended to help more people get high-speed Internet at home — is yet to enroll more than 40 percent of households nationwide that are eligible for it. In fact, as of this writing, enrollment was at 37.4 percent. What this means, essentially, is that many in the U.S. who don’t have high-speed Internet at home are missing out on government money intended to change that. And while experts in digital inclusion say there are many reasons for that enrollment number — among them skepticism of government, as well as lack of awareness that the benefit program exists — they also agree that local and state government have a crucial role to play in raising enrollment rates. “Keeping in mind that ‘free Internet’ could sound like a scam, all ACP efforts need to include trust — trust in the organization with the ACP message and trust in the individual helping with sign-ups,” said Angela Siefer, executive director of the National Digital Inclusion Alliance. “Local and state governments are essential to increasing awareness of this valuable program.” And a key to doing the digital inclusion work necessary to promote the program is for local government to partner with community groups that are also doing the work in the city and have existing relationships with people.
Broadband deserts beget population deserts as many in rural areas seek greener, high-speed broadband pastures. Counties with poor broadband are seeing people move away to get better jobs or to get broadband for their kids. Real estate agents are reporting that it’s extremely difficult to sell a home that has no broadband option. Several studies have shown that students that grow up without home broadband don’t perform nearly as well as students with broadband. There are hundreds of rural counties working hard to get fiber broadband with the hope of stemming the population loss. Many are hoping to attract people who work from home as the best way to stem population loss and stimulate the local economy. They are banking on the notion that people will want to live in a beautiful and low-cost place while working from home, thanks to grant money being used from ReConnect, the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), and the upcoming giant $42.5 billion Broadband Equity, Access and Deployment (BEAD) Program grants that will bring broadband to a lot of rural counties. To some degree, promoting rural broadband is a demographic experiment on a large scale, but communities that make a commitment to foster the best benefits of better broadband increase their chances of surviving and thriving.
Broadband Funding
Economic Development Administration Invests $2.5 Million in American Rescue Plan Funds to Boost Broadband in Southwest Louisiana
The Commerce Department’s Economic Development Administration (EDA) is awarding a $2.5 million grant to Lafayette City (LA) Parish Consolidated Government, doing business as LUS Fiber, to establish high-speed internet connectivity in support of business and job growth in Jennings (LA). This grant is funded by the American Rescue Plan. This project will construct ten miles of conduit and fiber optic cable to connect the medical and business district in Jennings. The EDA investment will be matched with $617,500 in local funds and is expected to create or retain 250 jobs and generate $618,705 in private investment, according to grantee estimates. This project is funded under EDA’s American Rescue Plan Economic Adjustment Assistance program, which makes $500 million in Economic Adjustment Assistance grants available to American communities. The Economic Adjustment Assistance program is EDA’s most flexible program, and grants made under this program will help hundreds of communities across the nation plan, build, innovate, and put people back to work through construction or non-construction projects designed to meet local needs.
Economic Development Administration Invests $1.8 Million in Increasing Broadband Access in Waterloo, Iowa
The Commerce Department’s Economic Development Administration (EDA) is awarding a $1.8 million grant to the city of Waterloo (IA) to expand internet connectivity for the city’s business corridor. This grant is funded by the American Rescue Plan. This project will construct a middle mile fiber network, supporting business growth, telemedicine connectivity, and virtual educational opportunities. The EDA investment will be matched with $667,682 in local funds and is expected to create 177 jobs, according to grantee estimates. This project was made possible by the regional planning efforts led by the Iowa Northland Regional Council of Governments (INRCOG). EDA funds INRCOG to bring together the public and private sectors to create an economic development roadmap to strengthen the regional economy, support private capital investment and create jobs.
This protest challenges the award of a contract to provide a massive data set for the Government to use in determining which structures in the United States can have broadband internet service installed. Congress has tied more than $40 billion of infrastructure funding to availability maps that the Federal Communications Commission must produce using the data set provided under this contract. LightBox Parent, L.P. challenges the award to CostQuest Associates, Inc., alleging that CostQuest made multiple material misrepresentations in its proposal regarding the terms of a third-party licensing agreement that LightBox is not a party to. Because the Court concludes that CostQuest made no material misrepresentation, the Court denies LightBox’s motion for judgment on the administrative record and grants the Government’s and CostQuest’s motions for judgment on the administrative record.
Federal Communications Commission Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel recently proposed that the FCC adopt new standards for what qualifies as broadband internet access service and for determining whether broadband deployment is sufficient to meet American needs. Chairwoman Rosenworcel is proposing to raise the minimum speed for broadband to 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. This would be consistent with the standard adopted in the most recent FCC universal service auction, which required participants to offer the same downstream and upstream speeds. Chairwoman Rosenworcel also is proposing to set a national goal of 1 gigabit per second downstream and 500 Mbps upstream speeds "for the future," although that would not be a binding standard. In addition, Chairwoman Rosenworcel has proposed that, for the first time, the FCC consider "affordability, adoption, availability and equitable access" in determining whether broadband is being deployed sufficiently. This more granular analysis would make it more difficult for the FCC to conclude that broadband is being deployed on a reasonable and timely basis.
Emergency Communications
FCC Waives Universal Service Fund and Broadband Program Rules in Response to Hurricane Fiona
The Federal Communications Commission waived certain E-Rate, Emergency Connectivity Fund, Rural Health Care, COVID-19 Telehealth, Lifeline, and Affordable Connectivity Program rules and deadlines to assist participants and service providers, including Universal Service Fund (USF) contributors, located in the areas affected by Hurricane Fiona, which struck Puerto Rico on September 18, 2022. The resulting heavy rainfall, wind, landslides, and flooding have damaged homes, schools, libraries, and health care facilities and displaced residents. The hurricane has also caused significant power outages throughout the impacted areas. Because of these compelling and unique circumstances, the FCC finds good cause to waive certain rules and deadlines to assist program participants, service providers, and USF contributors in the affected areas.
Interconnection
Are the Settlement-Free Peering Policy Requirements for ISPs and CDNs Based on Network Costs?
In this paper, we construct a network cost model to understand the rationality of common requirements on the number and location of interconnection points. We also wish to understand if it is rational to apply these requirements to interconnection between an internet service provider (ISP) and a content delivery network (CDN). We construct a model of ISP traffic-sensitive network costs. We consider an ISP that offers service across the US. We parameterize the model using statistics about the population and locations of people in the contiguous US. We consider peering at the locations of the largest interconnection points in the US. We model traffic-sensitive network costs in the ISP’s backbone network, middle-mile networks, and access networks. These costs are thus functions of routing policies, distances, and traffic volumes.
Gigabit broadband service is coming to communities and rural areas in 11 states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin through a partnership by Nextlink and Tarana. They expect to expand service to hundreds of rural counties over the next several years, covering over a quarter million households. Part of this ties back to the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) licenses Nextlink picked up at auction in 2020. Nextlink bid $28.4 million for 1,072 Priority Access Licenses (PALs), which it’s using as part of its fixed wireless deployment. Tarana also offers a 5 GHz version of its platform, but Nextlink’s first choice is to use the 3.5 GHz CBRS spectrum where it has PALs. Nextlink is trying to do a couple of things with this platform, he said. One is to create competition in areas traditionally served by just one service provider, which could be a cable company or another fiber provider. Another is exceeding its Connect America Fund (CAF) obligations. Nextlink is receiving $281 million from the Federal Communications Commission to deploy 100/20 Mbps broadband to more than 100,000 locations across six states under the FCC's CAF Phase 2 program. Nextlink plans on using a combination of fiber and gigabit fixed wireless to meet its Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) obligations, and Tarana is “uniquely positioned” to help Nextlink deliver on all of its promises.
Stories From Abroad
Treasury Issues Iran General License D-2 to Increase Support for Internet Freedom
The Department of the Treasury issued Iran General License (GL) D-2 to increase support for internet freedom in Iran by bringing US sanctions guidance in line with the changes in modern technology since the issuance of Iran GL D-1. On Sept 21, the Iranian government cut off access to the Internet for most of its 80 million citizens to prevent the world from watching its violent crackdown on peaceful protestors sparked by the brutal death of Mahsa Amini in the custody of Iran’s Morality Police. While Iran’s government is cutting off its people’s access to the global internet, the United States is taking action to support the free flow of information and access to fact-based information to the Iranian people. The updated guidance will authorize technology companies to offer the Iranian people more options of secure, outside platforms and services. The expanded GL tackles the following key issues:
- Adds covered categories of software/services to include social media platforms, collaboration platforms, video conferencing, as well as cloud-based services in support of such services, as well as tools that incorporate communication functions and are often included with authorized items or services (e.g., online maps, e-gaming, e-learning platforms, automated translation, web maps, and user authentication services)
- Provides additional authorization for the services that support the communication tools to assist ordinary Iranians in resisting repressive internet censorship and surveillance tools deployed by the Iranian regime.
- GL D-2 continues to authorize anti-virus and anti-malware software; anti-tracking software; mobile operating systems and related software; anti-censorship tools and related software; Virtual Private Network (VPN) client software; and related software. These tools protect the ability of Iranians to engage in free expression and bravely resist regime oppression.
- Removes the condition that communications be "personal," which was resulting in compliance burdens for companies seeking to verify the purpose of communications.
- For activity not covered by GL D-2, expands existing case-by-case licensing policy, particularly to allow Iranian developers to create homegrown anti-surveillance and anti-censorship apps, which many Iranian people rely upon to circumvent domestic internet controls.
Benton (www.benton.org) provides the only free, reliable, and non-partisan daily digest that curates and distributes news related to universal broadband, while connecting communications, democracy, and public interest issues. Posted Monday through Friday, this service provides updates on important industry developments, policy issues, and other related news events. While the summaries are factually accurate, their sometimes informal tone may not always represent the tone of the original articles. Headlines are compiled by Kevin Taglang (headlines AT benton DOT org) and Grace Tepper (grace AT benton DOT org) — we welcome your comments.
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