For upcoming media policy events, see http://www.benton.org
SPECTRUM POLICY
Spectrum public safety plan meets resistance at hearing
GOP Senators Back Cable In Wireless Auction
Broadband should be in every home
FCC's Adelstein Doubts Entry Of National Wireless Web Provider
INTERNET/BROADBAND
China aims to top U.S. in cyberspace: U.S. general
Telecom: back from the Dead
A Fight Over What You Can Do on a Cellphone
Media Institute: Net Neutrality Legislation Is Bad Idea
BROADCASTING/CABLE
FCC Denies Challenge To Chicago, Milwaukee TV Stations
Rep Lipinski Introduces Cable Choice Bill
Thomas Hazlett's case for the XM/Sirius merger
Fox drops TV stations for Dow bid
Chairman Markey Responds to Kellogg Decision to Pull Ads Targeting Children
Martin Will Vote on Comcast Waiver By July 1
JOURNALISM
Conyers Backs Journalists, Slams Media
Debate Duo: CNN and YouTube
Univision calls on viewers to get citizenship
First 'Mirror Awards' Winners Named
SPECTRUM POLICY
SPECTRUM PUBLIC SAFETY PLAN MEETS RESISTANCE AT HEARING
[SOURCE: PC World, AUTHOR: Grant Gross]
A plan to have private investors build a national=20
wireless broadband network for police and fire=20
departments met resistance at a U.S. Senate=20
hearing Thursday, including from the man in=20
charge of New York's emergency broadband network.=20
Startup Frontline Wireless LLC, backed by two=20
former Federal Communications Commission chairmen=20
and several tech industry heavyweights, would set=20
aside 22MHz of wireless spectrum from an upcoming=20
auction of the 700MHz band for a dual-use=20
commercial and emergency response network, with=20
the winning bidder required to build a nationwide=20
network that would give priority to police and=20
fire departments. A national broadband network=20
for emergency response agencies would take=20
billions of dollars to build, and a=20
public-private partnership like the one Frontline=20
has proposed is the only way it will happen, said=20
James Barksdale, president and CEO of investment=20
group Barksdale Management Corp. and a partner in=20
Frontline. The U.S. government lacks the money to=20
build the network, he said. "We're not asking=20
agencies to give us the spectrum," Barksdale=20
said. "And public safety gets a free ride on it -- that's a heck of a deal."
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/14/AR200706...
1552.html?nav=3Drss_technology/personaltech
* Former FCC Chair Mark Fowler joins Frontier Wireless
[SOURCE: Lasar's Letter on the FCC, AUTHOR: Matthew Lasar]
The man who once famously called television "just=20
another appliance" and "a toaster with pictures"=20
has signed up with a major player in the FCC's=20
700 MHz wireless auction proceeding. Mark Fowler=20
served as Ronald Reagan's Federal Communications=20
Commission Chair from 1981 through 1987. During=20
his tenure Fowler oversaw the massive=20
deregulation of the broadcasting industry and the=20
rise of cable television. Now he has joined=20
Frontline Wireless, a prominent participant in=20
the FCC's proceeding on rules for the agency's=20
upcoming auction of the 700 MHz band, sold off as=20
TV stations vacate the region and take up digital=20
signals. But even Fowler concedes that the FCC=20
will need to attach some "smart regulations" to the sale.
http://www.lasarletter.net/drupal/node/410
GOP SENATORS BACK CABLE IN WIRELESS AUCTION
[SOURCE: Multichannel News, AUTHOR: Ted Hearn]
A group of Senate Republicans wants cable=20
operators to have unfettered access to=20
participate in an upcoming Federal Communications=20
Commission auction that could earn the U.S.=20
Treasury at least $10 billion. =93The FCC should=20
not devise encumbering rules which suppress=20
interest in the auction, including build-out=20
requirements, restrictions on incumbent bidding,=20
net neutrality and open access mandates,=94 the GOP=20
lawmakers said in June 13 letter to FCC Chairman=20
Kevin Martin, a Republican Bush appointee.=20
Signing the letter were Sens. Jim DeMint (R-SC),=20
John Sununu (R-NH), Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX),=20
John Ensign (R-Nev), Mel Martinez (R-FL), and=20
David Vitter (R-LA). All but Sen Martinez hold=20
seats on the Commerce Committee, the panel that directly oversees the FCC.
http://www.multichannel.com/article/CA6452013.html
BROADBAND SHOULD BE IN EVERY HOME
[SOURCE: The Hill, AUTHOR: Sen John Kerry (D-MA)]
[Commentary] very important piece of public=20
property is about to be auctioned off. You won't=20
find it on a map, but it is prime real estate.=20
And the sale of this property has profound=20
implications for schools, businesses, emergency=20
first responders, rural communities and the=20
future of wireless communication and innovation=20
in America. In the upcoming 700 MHz spectrum=20
auction, the Federal Communications Commission=20
will auction off an important slice of our=20
airwaves. The FCC has a choice: It can either=20
provide extraordinary benefits to millions of=20
Americans or tilt bandwidth policy to line the=20
pockets of a privileged few. The airwaves belong=20
to the American people -- and their use should=20
serve the public interest, not corporate=20
interests. In recent auctions, the big=20
communications companies actively used their=20
bidding power to shut out new providers. As a=20
result, these new companies faced near impossible=20
barriers to entry in the wireless communications=20
industry. What does this mean for us? Consumers=20
don't enjoy the lower prices and better service=20
that would result from more choice in the=20
communications marketplace. The upcoming auction=20
presents a real opportunity to promote economic=20
competitiveness and address affordability and=20
availability of important wireless services. The=20
Internet and our airwaves are public property.=20
All Americans should benefit from and be able to=20
access it -- not just in revenues the government=20
earns from selling spectrum to corporations, but=20
also in expanded access to revolutionary new=20
technology for every American. Our economy, our=20
schools, our families and our first responders=20
are counting on the FCC and conduct a fair=20
auction in the spirit of competition and=20
innovation that drives the Internet today.=20
Previous generations ushered in new eras of=20
economic progress with electricity for rural=20
areas and a car in every driveway. In 2007 to=20
stay competitive, we should strive to do the same with broadband in every h=
ome.
http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/broadband-should-be-in-every-home-20...
06-13.html
FCC'S ADELSTEIN DOUBTS ENTRY OF NATIONAL WIRELESS WEB PROVIDER
[SOURCE: Wall Street Journal 6/13, AUTHOR: Corey=20
Boles corey.boles( at )dowjones.com]
Speaking at a conference hosted by the Wireless=20
Communications Association International, Federal=20
Communications Commission Commissioner Jonathan=20
Adelstein voiced doubts about the potential for a=20
new national wireless broadband provider to enter=20
the market to take on the incumbent telephone and=20
cable broadband providers. he said he was=20
reluctant to structure the rules of the upcoming=20
radio spectrum auction to encourage the entry of=20
a new player unless there was a commitment that=20
there would be a serious bidder at the auction.=20
Commissioner Adelstein said the FCC risked=20
excluding smaller bidders from getting access to=20
the valuable spectrum coming available for no=20
reason if it designates a large block of it to be=20
auctioned off but no large bidder comes forward.=20
A group calling itself the Coalition for 4G=20
America has been aggressively lobbying for a 22=20
megahertz block of spectrum with a national=20
license to be auctioned off. The coalition=20
includes the likes of Google Inc., Intel Corp.,=20
EBay Inc. unit Skype Inc., and satellite=20
television companies EchoStar Communications Corp. and DirecTV Group Inc.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118176728181934284.html?mod=3Dgooglenews...
(requires subscription)
* Commissioner Adelstein's remarks
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-274064A1.doc
INTERNET/BROADBAND
CHINA AIMS TO TOP US IN CYBERCHASE: US GENERAL
[SOURCE: Reuters 6/13, AUTHOR: Jim Wolf]
China is seeking to unseat the United States as=20
the dominant power in cyberspace, a U.S. Air=20
Force general leading a new push in this area=20
said Wednesday. "They're the only nation that has=20
been quite that blatant about saying, 'We're=20
looking to do that,"' 8th Air Force Commander Lt.=20
Gen. Robert Elder said. Gen Elder is to head a=20
new three-star cyber command being set up at=20
Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, already=20
home to about 25,000 military personnel involved=20
in everything from electronic warfare to network=20
defense. The command's focus is to control the=20
cyber domain, critical to everything from=20
communications to surveillance to infrastructure=20
security. The Defense Department said in its=20
annual report on China's military power last=20
month that China regarded computer network=20
operations -- attacks, defense and exploitation=20
-- as critical to achieving "electromagnetic dominance" early in a conflict.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/13/AR200706...
1433.html
* China set to overtake US with broadband connections
http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2007/jun/14/china_set_overtake_us_bro...
and_connections.html
TELECOM: BACK FROM THE DEAD
[SOURCE: BusinessWeek, AUTHOR: Spencer Ante]
All those YouTube videos and MySpace pages=20
zipping back and forth on the Net have revived=20
the telecom industry -- and charged up the=20
economy. Over the past year the telecom industry=20
has roared back to life. Credit a steady rise in=20
appetite for broadband Internet connections,=20
which enable easy consumption of watch-my-cat=20
video clips, iPod music files, and such=20
Web-inspired services as free Internet phoning.=20
Indeed, this year broadband adoption among U.S.=20
adults is expected to cross the important=20
threshold of 50%. Capital spending is on the rise=20
as companies invest to build high-speed networks.=20
Private equity players are placing enormous bets=20
on the industry, such as the $8.2 billion that=20
Silver Lake Partners and the Texas Pacific Group=20
agreed to pay for networking gearmaker Avaya on=20
June 5. And the glut in broadband communications=20
capacity is all but gone. About half of the=20
Internet's transmission capacity was going unused=20
in 2002. Today that pipeline has almost doubled=20
in size, and yet the unused portion is down to=20
about 30%. As a result, the price that companies=20
pay for bandwidth in some parts of the U.S. is on=20
the rise after six years of declines. "All of us=20
are planning expansions of our backbones in order=20
to support growth in Internet applications and=20
video," says Dan Yost, executive vice-president=20
for product at Denver-based communications=20
provider Qwest. Perhaps the best indicator of the=20
telecom revival is this startling data point:=20
Profits for the industry this year are expected=20
to reach an all-time high of $72 billion, topping=20
for the first time the high-water mark of $65 billion in 1998.
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_26/b4040001.htm?campaign...
=3Drss_tech
A FIGHT OVER WHAT YOU CAN DO ON A CELLPHONE
[SOURCE: Wall Street Journal 6/14, AUTHOR:=20
Jessica E. Vascellaro jessica.vascellaro( at )wsj.com]
Wireless phone carriers and the makers of=20
hand-held gadgets like the BlackBerry have long=20
had a symbiotic relationship. Carriers sell the=20
BlackBerry to subscribers, putting it in the=20
hands of millions. In turn, the carriers get to=20
charge their subscribers not just for voice but=20
for pricier data service as well. Now, a turf war=20
is looming between the two camps, as lucrative=20
new services such as video, games, and maps move=20
onto mobile devices. Each camp wants to control=20
the new offerings, and the gusher of revenue they=20
could produce. At stake for consumers are what=20
services will be available on their mobile phones=20
and whether they're free or cost a monthly fee.=20
The wireless Web is taking off more slowly in=20
America than overseas, and one reason is that=20
U.S. carriers tightly control what applications=20
are available on mobile devices. That's a=20
contrast with Europe and parts of Asia, where=20
carriers' control is less tight and where=20
wireless services have been more broadly=20
available for years. Pressure is building for=20
U.S. carriers to loosen their grip. The push=20
comes in part from handset makers that want to=20
make their devices more attractive by including a=20
host of services and software applications. If=20
the handset makers succeed, consumers could see a=20
rise in the number of sophisticated applications=20
available free. For investors, at issue is who=20
gets what share of the $15 billion-plus of=20
revenue generated annually by mobile data=20
services in the U.S. -- a market that is forecast=20
to explode. Phone carriers want the revenue to=20
offset declining revenue from their voice businesses.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB118178419580134700-search.html?KEYWORDS=...
ellphone&COLLECTION=3Dwsjie/6month
(requires subscription)
MEDIA INSTITUTE: NET NEUTRALITY LEGISLATION IS BAD IDEA
[SOURCE: Broadcasting&Cable, AUTHOR: John Eggerton]
Comments are coming into the FCC in response to=20
its inquiry on broadband regulation, specifically=20
what, if anything, it should do on the issue of=20
network neutrality. The Media Institute, for one,=20
says it says regulation is a bad idea. The=20
institute, a media company-backed First Amendment=20
think tank, argues that in the present=20
marketplace, "there is no problem -- no clear and=20
present danger to the openness of the Internet --=20
that requires regulatory action," saying that=20
perceived harms, rather than actual ones, are fueling the drive for regulat=
ion.
http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6452246.html?rssid=3D193
BROADCASTING/CABLE
FCC DENIES CHALLENGE TO CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE TV STATIONS
[SOURCE: Broadcasting&Cable, AUTHOR: John Eggerton]
The FCC has denied a challenge to a total of 19=20
TV stations in Milwaukee and Chicago, saying the=20
petitioners had not demonstrated that the=20
stations had failed to provide adequate election=20
coverage in 2004, and effectively telling=20
stations and activists to try to work out their=20
public interest differences themselves. Citing a=20
Study by the Center for Media and Public Affairs,=20
the Media Access Project, representing Chicago=20
Media Action (CMA) and the Milwaukee Public=20
Interest Media Coalition (MPIMC), had argued that=20
less than 1% of their regularly scheduled=20
newscasts and public affairs shows in a one-month=20
period leading up to the November 2004 election=20
were devoted to non-federal races. MAP had said=20
that "the paucity of coverage of local elections"=20
was "inconsistent [with] the principle of=20
localism that the Communications Act demands," as=20
the FCC framed the argument in its decision=20
rejecting the petition. The FCC said that it has=20
"very little authority to interfere with a=20
licensee=92s selection and presentation of news and=20
editorial programming," and that it was not in=20
the business of reviewing stations' news judgment.
http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6451787.html?rssid=3D193
* See FCC Order:
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-07-2530A1.doc
REP LIPINSKI INTRODUCES CABLE CHOICE BILL
[SOURCE: Broadcasting&Cable, AUTHOR: John Eggerton]
Rep. Daniel Lipinski (D-IL) Thursday introduced=20
the Family & Consumer Choice Act of 2007. The=20
bill would require cable companies to choose from=20
one of three options in delivering their=20
programming: 1) accept broadcast-style indecency=20
regulations, 2) offer "real" family tiers (ones=20
that would offer news and sports channels), or 3)=20
provide an opt-out a la carte system where=20
viewers can block and get a rebate for, any=20
channel they don't want. Joining Rep Lipinski was=20
co-sponsor Jeff Fortenberry (R-Neb), FCC Chairman=20
Kevin Martin, Parents Television Council Director=20
of Government Affairs Dan Isett, and Jeannine=20
Kenny, senior policy analyst of Consumer's Union.=20
Former Washington Redskin and now Rep Heath=20
Shuler (D-TN) is also said to support the bill.
http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6452175.html?rssid=3D193
* Cable Programming Law Proposed
http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6451671.html?rssid=3D193
* Martin to Endorse Cable Content Bill
http://www.multichannel.com/article/CA6452012.html?rssid=3D196
* Congressmen Again Urge A La Carte Cable
http://tvweek.com/news/2007/06/congressmen_again_urge_a_la_ca.php
(requires free registration)
* Chairman Martin's remarks
http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-274169A1.doc
THOMAS HAZLETT'S CASE FOR THE XM/SIRIUS MERGER
[SOURCE: Lasar's Letter on the FCC, AUTHOR: Matthew Lasar]
Former Federal Communications Commission Chief=20
Economist Thomas W. Hazlett's advocacy of the=20
proposed XM/Sirius satellite merger centers=20
around a single irony: nothing makes the case for=20
the application better than terrestrial=20
broadcaster opposition to the union. "These=20
interests emphatically claim that they oppose the=20
merger because it will lead to a monopoly that=20
will harm consumers," Hazlett writes in a brief=20
filed today with the FCC. "This fierce opposition=20
is powerful evidence in itself that AM/FM=20
radio=97'free radio'=97competes with satellite radio,=20
and reveals the true concern of terrestrial=20
stations: that the merger will create a stronger=20
rival better able to meet the needs of=20
consumers." Hazlett's 51 page statement,=20
commissioned by XM and Sirius, effectively turns=20
all economic arguments against the merger on=20
their head. But filing also ignores key legal=20
questions about the proposal, implicitly=20
suggesting that they represent a substantial=20
hurdle that XM and Sirius may not overcome.
http://www.lasarletter.net/drupal/node/411
FOX DROPS TV STATIONS FOR DOW BID
[SOURCE: Variety, AUTHOR: Michael Schneider]
Looking to free up funds for its $5 billion bid=20
for Dow Jones, News Corp. announced Tuesday plans=20
to sell nine of its Fox-affiliated TV stations.
The company has retained Allen & Co. to seek=20
potential buyers for the outlets. News Corp. is=20
specifically looking to exit markets below No. 15=20
in which it does not have a duopoly. That=20
includes several stations that -- buoyed by Fox's=20
acquisition of NFL rights -- flipped to Fox in=20
1993 under previous owner New World. Stations on=20
the block include WJW Cleveland; KDVR Denver;=20
KTVI St. Louis; WDAF Kansas City, Mo.; WITI=20
Milwaukee; KSTU Salt Lake City; WBRC Birmingham,=20
Ala.; WHBQ Memphis; and WGHP Greensboro, N.C. Fox=20
did decide to keep its two smallest-market=20
stations, however: KTBC, Austin (market 52) and=20
WOGX, Ocala-Gainesville, Fla. (market 162). In=20
the case of WOGX, the station actually operates=20
out of Fox's Orlando station -- and therefore=20
acts as an unofficial duopoly. And with KTBC, Fox=20
operates the only VHF station in the market and=20
likely didn't want to give up that position.
http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117966915.html?categoryid=3D18&cs=3D1
CHAIRMAN MARKEY RESPONDS TO KELLOGG DECISION TO PULL ADS TARGETING CHILDREN
[SOURCE: Rep Ed Markey]
Rep Edward J. Markey (D-MA), Chairman of the=20
House Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the=20
Internet, released the following statement in=20
response to the announcement by Kellogg that it=20
will not market food with high sugar and fat=20
content on television and other media targeting=20
children: "The =91snap, crackle, and pop=92 you hear=20
is the sound of public health progress. I applaud=20
Kellogg for this =91smart start=92 toward ending TV=20
advertisements for sugary cereal and other=20
so-called =91junk food=92 products to young children.=20
I hope that the rest of the industry will adopt=20
measures that, at a minimum, meet those of Kellogg=92s."
http://markey.house.gov/index.php?option=3Dcom_content&task=3Dview&id=3D...
1&Itemid=3D141
* Markey: Kellogg move is Grrrreat!
http://business.bostonherald.com/businessNews/view.bg?articleid=3D1006525
MARTIN WILL VOTE ON COMCAST WAIVER BY JULY 1
[SOURCE: Broadcasting&Cable, AUTHOR: John Eggerton]
FCC Chairman Kevin Martin says he will vote=20
before July 1 on Comcast's petition for=20
full-commission review of a bureau-level decision=20
denying Comcast a waiver of the integrated=20
set-top box ban, which goes into effect July 1.
http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6452184.html?rssid=3D193
JOURNALISM
CONYERS BACKS JOURNALISTS, SLAMS MEDIA
[SOURCE: Broadcasting&Cable, AUTHOR: John Eggerton]
The House Judiciary Committee held its first=20
hearing on the proposed federal shield law=20
Thursday. The law would protect journalists'=20
sources, including those of bloggers, in federal=20
investigations, with some carve-outs for national=20
security, trade secrets or personal health=20
information, but a just would have to determine=20
that seeking those sources trumped the public's=20
interest in protecting them. Committee Chairman=20
John Conyers (D-MI) supports the bill, but in his=20
opening remarks Thursday suggested that reporters=20
needed protection not only from federal=20
investigators but from their own corporate parents.
http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6452195.html?rssid=3D193
* Bush administration attacks 'shield' for bloggers
The Bush administration on Thursday blasted a=20
congressional proposal that would shield a broad=20
swath of news gatherers, including some bloggers,=20
from revealing their confidential sources.
http://news.com.com/Bush+administration+attacks+shield+for+bloggers/2100...
28_3-6191053.html?tag=3Dnefd.top
DEBATE DUO: CNN AND YOUTUBE
[SOURCE: Washington Post, AUTHOR: Jose Antonio Vargas]
CNN, the cable network, and YouTube, the popular=20
online video-sharing community, are teaming up to=20
sponsor a round of presidential debates. The=20
Democratic debate is set for July 23 in=20
Charleston, S.C. Its Republican counterpart will=20
be Sept. 17 in Florida. Both will air live on=20
CNN. The two-hour sessions will be hosted by=20
CNN's Anderson Cooper, who will introduce videos=20
in which YouTube users pose questions to the=20
candidates. Cooper will also ask follow-up questions.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/14/AR200706...
2020.html
(requires registration)
UNIVISION CALLS ON VIEWERS TO GET CITIZENSHIP
[SOURCE: Associated Press, AUTHOR: Peter Prengaman]
Maria Elena Castillo let her voice go unheard in=20
American politics for a decade because she was=20
afraid of failing the U.S. citizenship test that=20
could give her the right to vote. The Mexico=20
native was convinced to give it a try by a=20
massive citizenship campaign on Univision, the=20
Spanish-language television giant better known=20
for its newscasts and torrid telenovelas. "I=20
didn't want to do it, but all the things I saw on=20
Univision convinced me," said Castillo, 37. She=20
and her husband applied for citizenship at an=20
immigration center where Univision was doing a=20
live broadcast. "We need to be part of this=20
country," she said. The "Ya es Hora" ("Now is the=20
Time") campaign started in Los Angeles in=20
January. It's in a dozen cities with large=20
Hispanic populations, such as Houston and Miami,=20
and will soon debut in New York. Public-service=20
announcements throughout the day give viewers=20
details on application requirements, locations=20
and costs. On Fridays, Univision broadcasts live=20
from a citizenship drive location, where=20
volunteers charge $25 to help with lengthy applications.
http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/news/20070615/a_univision15.art.htm
FIRST 'MIRROR AWARDS' WINNERS NAMED
[SOURCE: Editor & Publisher]
The first Mirror Awards for "the best in media=20
industry reporting" were handed out Thursday in=20
Manhattan at a luncheon hosted by Meredith Vieira=20
at the W Hotel. They are sponsored by Syracuse=20
University's S.I Newhouse School of Public=20
Communications. Peter Bart, editor-in-chief of=20
Variety, received the Lifetime Achievement Award.=20
Winners were: Best Commentary: David Carr, The=20
New York Times, for his weekly column. Best=20
Coverage of Breaking Industry News: Dean Miller=20
for his Nieman Reports article, "A Local=20
Newspaper Endures a Stormy Backlash." Best Single=20
Article: Clive Thompson for his New York magazine=20
article, "Blogs to Riches." Best Profile: Philip=20
Weiss, also for New York, "A Guy Named=20
Craig". Overall Excellence: American Journalism=20
Review. Excellence in Media Information Services:=20
HealthNewsReview.org, from the University of=20
Minnesota [Headlines sends a special=20
congratulations to Health News Review]. Best=20
Subject-Related Series: Andreas Kluth of The=20
Economist for "Among the Audience: A Survey of=20
New Media." These wonderful works are available=20
online at http://mirrorawards.syr.edu/
http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_con...
t_id=3D1003599115
--------------------------------------------------------------
Communications-related Headlines is a free online=20
news summary service provided by the Benton=20
Foundation (www.benton.org). Posted Monday=20
through Friday, this service provides updates on=20
important industry developments, policy issues,=20
and other related news events. While the=20
summaries are factually accurate, their often=20
informal tone does not always represent the tone=20
of the original articles. Headlines are compiled=20
by Kevin Taglang headlines( at )benton.org -- we welcome your comments.
--------------------------------------------------------------