January 2011

From Bullets to Megabytes

[Commentary] Stuxnet, the computer worm that last year disrupted many of the gas centrifuges central to Iran’s nuclear program, is a powerful weapon in the new age of global information warfare.

A sophisticated half-megabyte of computer code apparently accomplished what a half-decade of United Nations Security Council resolutions could not. This new form of warfare has several implications that are only now becoming apparent, and that will define the shape of what will likely become the next global arms race — albeit one measured in computer code rather than firepower. Stuxnet also raises sticky and perhaps irresolvable legal questions. At present there is no real legal framework for adjudicating international cyberattacks; even if victims could determine who was responsible, their governments have few options outside of diplomatic complaints and, perhaps, retaliation in kind. An international entity that could legislate or enforce an information warfare armistice does not exist, and is not really conceivable. By explicitly authorizing these offensive operations in appropriate, defined circumstances, a new statute would strengthen the president’s power to provide for the common defense in cyberspace. Doing so wouldn't answer all the questions that this new era of warfare presents. But one thing is sure: as bad as this arms race will be, losing it would be even worse. [Falkenrath was deputy homeland security adviser to President George W. Bush]

Hulu Reworks Its Script as Digital Change Hits TV

Just as the digital wave transforms the television industry, Hulu, a pioneer of Internet TV, is in internal discussions to dramatically transform itself.

The free online television service has become one of the most-watched online video properties in the U.S. and a top earner of web-video ad dollars since its 2008 launch. But its owners -- industry powerhouses NBC Universal, News Corp. and Walt Disney Co.—are increasingly at odds over Hulu's business model. Worried that free Web versions of their biggest TV shows are eating into their traditional business, the owners disagree among themselves, and with Hulu management, on how much of their content should be free. Fox Broadcasting owner News Corp. and ABC owner Disney are contemplating pulling some free content from Hulu, say people familiar with the matter. The media companies are also moving to sell more programs to Hulu competitors that deliver television over the Internet, including Netflix, Microsoft and Apple. And in what would be a major shift in direction, Hulu management has discussed recasting Hulu as an online cable operator that would use the Web to send live TV channels and video-on-demand content to subscribers, say people familiar with the talks. The new service, which is still under discussion, would mimic the bundles of channels now sold by cable and satellite operators.

Rabbis buy ad targeting Fox News

A coalition of rabbis wants Fox News chief Roger Ailes and conservative host Glenn Beck to cut out all their talk about Nazis and the Holocaust, and it's making its views known in an unusual place. The rabbis have called on Fox News's owner, Rupert Murdoch, to sanction his two famous employees via a full-page ad in Thursday's editions of the Wall Street Journal - one of many other media properties controlled by Murdoch's News Corp. The ad is signed by the heads of the Reform, Conservative and Reconstructionist movements as well as Orthodox rabbis.

Comcast and NBC News

Keith Olbermann may have unwittingly done Comcast a favor last week when MSNBC's most popular commentator startled audiences by announcing that he had just hosted his last show on the cable news network. Sure, it was awkward for Comcast. Many of Olbermann's fans wondered whether the No. 1 cable and broadband provider — heady from winning federal approval to buy NBC Universal — secretly elbowed out the best-known liberal voice on television.

Comcast denied any involvement. But the widespread suspicions provided Comcast brass with a bracing reminder that they'll start playing a new ballgame on Friday when they close their deal with General Electric for 51% of a joint venture that includes NBC Universal. Once that happens, Comcast will face a level of public scrutiny and criticism unlike anything it ever experienced. Comcast isn't simply becoming the nation's most powerful media and entertainment giant, with assets in broadcast and cable TV, movies, the Internet and theme parks. The company is becoming television's dominant newscaster, with enormous influence on civic life. Comcast will control the No. 1 evening newscast (The NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams), morning newscast (The Today Show), and Sunday talk show (Meet the Press). On cable, CNBC is the leading source of business news, while MSNBC focuses on politics. NBC's national news operations generated about $1.8 billion in revenue in 2009, with 60% coming from cable.

PrivacyStar mobile app users have filed 100,000 complaints with FTC over telemarketers

PrivacyStar is a smart phone app that works on Android and BlackBerry phone. The app's main purpose is to block unwanted calls and text messages, and to provide Caller ID for unknown callers. But the app has an arguably more interesting feature: When you get one of those annoying junk robo-calls from telemarketers, you can use PrivacyStar to immediately file a federal complaint against the incoming number. PrivacyStar says its 600,000 registered users have taken a shine to the feature, filing 100,000 such complaints with the Federal Trade Commission. The company says the FTC liked the app so much that the agency asked PrivacyStar to add a feature that would allow users to complain about debt collectors violating the Fair Debt Collection act -- for instance, trying to gain information about debtors by pretending to be someone else.

White House wants to allocate D Block to public safety

TR Daily reported: "During a meeting with public safety leaders yesterday, Vice President Biden and other top administration officials announced their plan to support D-block reallocation," the article said. "The vice president said the administration would recommend that between $10 billion and $13 billion be appropriated to construct a nationwide public safety network, but he also mentioned that $10.5 billion would be reserved for the network from incentive auctions, according to public safety and industry sources. Administration officials said details of the plan would be announced in the fiscal year 2012 budget request to be released in February." That meshes with a bill introduced by Senate Commerce Chairman Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) but clashes with what the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) originally recommended for this block of spectrum.

US Pushes Internet Freedom on Social Media

As Egyptian authorities struggled to quash anti-government uprisings yesterday, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called on the longtime US ally to unblock social networking sites that have been used to organize protests, such as those operated by Facebook and Twitter.

By urging Egypt’s government “not to prevent peaceful protests or block communications, including on social media,” Sec Clinton in Washington renewed her call for freedom of expression and assembly online, and fueled debate over how to promote those goals without undermining other US interests. Clinton’s defense of social networking is “a very delicate balancing act,” because of the longstanding US relationship with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, said Ethan Zuckerman, a senior researcher at Harvard University’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society. “At the same time, we’re starting to see evidence of an anti-authoritarian revolution in the region, and she doesn't want to be on the wrong side of that either. The safe stance is to be pro-free speech,” he said.

Larry Page's Google 3.0

Welcome to Google 3.0.

In the 1.0 era, which ran from 1996 to 2001, Larry Page and Sergey Brin incubated the company at Stanford University and in a Menlo Park (CA) garage. In 2001 they ushered in the triumphant 2.0 era by hiring Eric Schmidt, a tech industry grown-up who'd been CEO of Novell.

Now comes the third phase, led by Page and dedicated to rooting out bureaucracy and rediscovering the nimble moves of youth. The creative chaos inside Google's halls—a decentralized jungle of innovation, as one prominent venture capitalist puts it—once empowered employees to make bold moves, such as creating Gmail, the search-based e-mail system. Other than Android, the culture has recently produced a string of flops, such as Google Buzz, a Twitter clone, and Google Wave, a wonky service that let people collaborate online. Page doesn't explicitly blame those missteps on the company's loosely knit management or the famous troika at the top. Yet he concedes, "We do pay a price for [shared decision-making], in terms of speed and people not necessarily knowing where they go to ask questions." His elevation to CEO, he says, "is really a clarification of our roles. I think it will help with our speed."

22% of online Americans used social networking or Twitter for politics in 2010 campaign

Some 21% of online adults used social networking sites such as Facebook or MySpace in the months leading up to the November 2010 elections to connect to the campaign or the election itself, and 2% of online adults did so using Twitter. That works out to a total of 22% of adult Internet users who engaged with the political campaign on Twitter or social networking sites in at least one of the following ways:

  • 11% of online adults discovered on a social networking site who their friends voted for in the November elections
  • 9% of online adults received candidate or campaign information on social networking sites or Twitter
  • 8% of online adults posted political content on Twitter or a social networking site
  • 7% of online adults friended a candidate or political group on a social networking site, or followed them on Twitter
  • 7% of online adults started or joined a political group on a social networking site
  • 1% of online adults used Twitter to follow the election results as they were happening

Republicans, who lagged behind Democrats in the 2008 campaign in some key aspects of social media use, caught up to Democrats in the midterm election cycle. The “political social media user” cohort represented by these 22% of Internet users voted for Republican congressional candidates over Democratic candidates by a 45%-41% margin, and Republicans’ enthusiasm for using social media matched that of Democrats. Among social networking site users, 40% of Republican voters and 38% of Democratic voters used these sites to get involved politically. Further, Tea Party supporters were especially likely to friend a candidate or political group on a social networking site during the 2010 election—22% of such users did this, significantly higher than all other groups.

What’s A POTUS SOTU Shout Out On Wireless Worth?

[Commentary] When the President actually takes the time to endorse an idea or concept in what most regard as his biggest speech of the year, it carries some weight here in Policyland.

For starters, it can lift an issue out of obscurity. So what’s the practical payoff? Most importantly, it gives direction to the federal agencies who, after all, work for the President. It gives rhetorical support to members of Congress trying to move the President’s agenda forward, and can create problems for members of the President’s party who may have other ideas and don't want to be perceived as opposing their own President. This can be especially helpful for the vast majority of members not on the relevant Committee and Subcommittee who would otherwise have no clue about the issue before the floor vote. So the President endorsing wireless as a major platform for innovation gives a modest, general boost for Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Julius Genachowski’s wireless agenda. But the “wireless agenda” covers a lot of ground, and a high-level Presidential endorsement of the concept does not necessarily translate into making any specific goal any easier. Still, it gives Genachowski a good rhetorical club for pushing things like incentive auctions. It also gives Genachowski and Assistant Secretary Larry Strickling (Administrator of the National Telecommunications Information Administration (NTIA), the agency that coordinates federal spectrum use) a boost in trying to get other Federal agencies to cooperate in identifying spectrum for auction and – I hope – dynamic reuse.