February 2013

Recap -- Fighting for Internet Freedom: Dubai and Beyond

Three House Committees held a joint hearing* to review the ramifications of a treaty signed by 89 nations at the World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT). House Commerce Committee staff described the action as “likely the start, not the end, of efforts to subject the Internet to international regulation.” The hearing examined what happened at the conference, what implications the treaty has for the Internet and the economic and social freedoms it fosters, and what steps can be taken to redouble international support for the multi-stakeholder model in which non-governmental institutions recommend best practices with input from the public and private sector. The hearing also examined legislation making it the policy of the United States to promote a global Internet free from government control.

House Republicans and Democrats spoke with one voice about the threats to global Internet freedom coming out WCIT. Legislator after legislator took to the microphone to praise the U.S.'s stand against the Internet language and ask what could be done to repel future attempts at government encroachment into Internet policy, which everyone agreed would continue. One answer stressed the importance of giving developing companies more support in the form of money, education and infrastructure so they do not turn to authoritarian regimes like Russia and China for help.

Ambassador David Gross, who was a member of the U.S. WCIT delegation, made a pitch for continued engagement with the ITU. While he was in total agreement that the language in the treaty made it unacceptable, he said remained extraordinarily important, both in terms of spectrum policy and as a way to do outreach to the developing world.

Dr. Bitange Ndemo, who led the Kenyan delegation to the Dubai conference, stood with the U.S. in opposing Internet-related language that made it impossible for the U.S. delegation to sign on to the treaty. Dr Ndemo said many of the countries that did sign on had been coerced.

Federal Communications Commission member Robert McDowell testified that the US should intensify efforts to prevent governments from exerting control over the Internet after a United Nations conference increased countries’ ability to regulate Web traffic. Supporters of international control of the Internet are “patient and persistent incrementalists who will never relent until their ends are achieved,” he said. "In short, the U.S. experienced a rude awakening regarding the stark reality of the situation," he said. "[W]hen push comes to shove, even countries that purport to cherish Internet freedom are willing to surrender. Our experience in Dubai is a chilling foreshadow of how international Internet regulatory policy could expand at an accelerating pace."

The takeaway from the hearing was that there were continued threats that required constant vigilance, and that one way to win hearts and minds would be to help the developing world. That would include not only infrastructure, said Sally Shipman Wentworth of The Internet Society, but also education, so that homegrown engineers would understand the stakes for their countries. There were also some suggestions that governments and private industry might help pave the way to conferences for countries that could not afford the price of admission to an Internet dialog that was important for them to be a part of. Not doing so, they suggested, could send them to authoritarian regimes for help.

* The three House committees participating were: the House Communications and Technology Subcommittee, the Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade and the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations.

Chairman Walden proposes Internet freedom bill

House Communications and Technology Subcommittee Chairman Greg Walden (R-OR) proposed legislation that would make it the official policy of the United States government to promote a free Internet.

Congress approved a non-binding resolution last year that encouraged U.S. delegates to an international telecommunications treaty conference in Dubai to fight proposals that would result in global Internet regulation. The new draft legislation would make it formal U.S. policy to "promote a global Internet free from government control and to preserve and advance the successful multi-stakeholder model that governs the Internet." It is unclear what kind of practical impact the bill would have. A committee aide said the measure would not empower people to sue to overturn any government regulations.

FCC Revisits Communications Failures After Hurricane Sandy

Three months after Hurricane Sandy struck the Northeast, the federal government is trying to determine what could be done better to keep cellphone and Internet services running in the event of another natural disaster.

The Federal Communications Commission met with representatives of phone carriers, public utilities and city governments in New York on Tuesday to discuss what happened to broadband and cell services during Hurricane Sandy and how to improve performance. It took several days for the carriers to restore most of their service; in some cities, some cell towers are still down. FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski said the storm “underscored something important: how essential modern communications like mobile and broadband have become to our daily lives. They connect us to family, work and emergency services. And we sure notice when we can’t get through on our phones or connect to the Internet or get TV or radio news.”

At the meeting, FCC commissioners asked what could be done to prevent network failures, how to make networks more resilient and what could be done to speed restoration. Michael Corso, Director of Industry and Governmental Relations for the New York Public Service Commission, said the only way to prevent a repeat of what happened is to invest. “Undegrounding is going to have to be considered. Hardening and protection from water intrusion,” he said. A crucial issue brought up was the inability to communicate with the carriers. Jack Schnirman, city manager of Long Beach, said that after wireless service went down in his city, it was easy to contact government officials using radio devices but impossible to contact a phone carrier.

Broadcasters continued to be praised for their "first informer" status and they were offered an opportunity for some of those broadcasters to outline the preparations that allowed them to remain on the air while other communications systems failed.

Sprint discussed deals with 4 other companies before picking Softbank

Before Sprint’s board accepted Softbank’s $20.1 billion takeover offer, the carrier talked up potential deals with four other entities, according to documentation Sprint filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Sprint didn’t reveal their identities, naming the companies W, X, Y and Z, but Company W is most certainly MetroPCS, a carrier Sprint has been dancing around for more than a year. The proxy statement – which Sprint submitted ahead of a shareholder vote on the Softbank deal – said Sprint was in negotiations with Company W between December 2011 and February 2012 over a possible merger, but the talks fizzled out.

What Government Can Learn from “House of Cards”

Alongside the legitimate excitement about how the Netflix-produced, online-only dramatic series House of Cards might change how we consume TV shows, there’s been a minor hubbub about the big data behind the streaming service’s original production.

In a November article, Wired detailed how Netflix mined its customers’ viewing habits to settle on the perfect and profitable recipe for House of Cards: political intrigue delivered with a mellifluous southern drawl, Kevin Spacey in the lead and David Fincher directing. “We know what people watch on Netflix and we’re able with a high degree of confidence to understand how big a likely audience is for a given show based on people’s viewing habits,” Netflix told Wired. “We want to continue to have something for everybody. But as time goes on, we get better at selecting what that something for everybody is that gets high engagement.” As insights from data mining goes, this isn’t much of a jaw dropper. So what can government learn from House of Cards? One big lesson is that data, once it exists, can help turn the corner between an educated guess and an information-driven decision. Government research agencies have increasingly focused on creating, gathering and organizing data to build platforms that non-government scientists can use to develop research and products in addition to doing their own research. GSA’s new media office has also been beating the drum on collecting analytics from agencies’ social media profiles so they can shift from giving citizens what officials think they want to giving them what data proves they want. But a second lesson might be that good data can’t be the only ingredient. You also need good raw ingredients and smart analysts to give it value.

When The People Speak Is Anyone Listening?

President Barack Obama called the We the People website “a direct line to the White House on the issues and concerns that matter most” to citizens when it went online in September 2011.

Anyone can launch a petition on the site and promote it through social media. The White House pledged to respond formally to petitions that receive more than 25,000 signatures. It increased the threshold to 100,000 signatures in January. We the People is basically about broadcasting two messages to the world. A citizen makes one statement when she writes up her petition. If that petition reaches the threshold of 100,000 signatures, someone in government will pen a response. That closes the loop. Everyone else only has the choice of signing onto the original petitioner’s statement or passing it by. Instead of writing a blanket reply to the secession petitions, says Harvard University professor Archon Fung, the White House could have invited a delegation of secessionists for a chat with Administration officials. Through deliberation, he says, the group might have come up with some less fundamental conciliation the White House could make. At the very least, it would have shown the White House is seriously listening to their concerns. One of the chief barriers to civic discourse, Fung says, is that the more politically charged an environment is, the more likely people are to descend into hostility and refuse to compromise. Simply because it was built and promoted by the White House, We the People is bound to draw a heated crowd, Fung says.

CenturyLink is in a race against time and technology

In the new century, the old wired phone seems to have less relevance than ever. More than a third of U.S. homes now have only cellphones. CenturyLink, Minnesota's largest telephone company, is acutely aware of this trend.

In the third quarter of 2012 alone, CenturyLink's operating revenue dropped $25 million, mainly because of the continuing loss of individual telephone lines, the company said in government filings. While declining revenue from traditional phone service has plagued CenturyLink and other traditional telephone companies for several years, CenturyLink's vulnerability increased when it acquired the Twin Cities' largest phone company, Denver-based Qwest Communications, nearly two years ago. To combat the problem, CenturyLink has sought to bolster revenue through diversification into business services such as cloud computing. But so far that hasn't made up for all the revenue loss in its traditional phone business.

FairPoint to use $2.8 million penalty to fund more NH broadband

The New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission on Jan. 29 approved a proposal by FairPoint Communications to use $2.8 million in service quality penalties incurred in 2009 and 2010 to expand high-speed Internet to under-served parts of the state.

As part of the agreement, the company will invest an additional $500,000, bringing the value of the project to $3.3 million. That's enough to bring broadband Internet to 2,500 homes, business or schools throughout the state that now only have access to much slower and less-reliable Internet connections, according to a company spokesperson. FairPoint incurred the penalties for problems that arose when telephone and Internet service in the state was transferred from Verizon. The penalties were based on such measures as how long it took for a customer to get an answer at a call center; how long it took to get dial tone installed; how long it took to get a problem fixed; and how many network problems were reported per 100 access lines.

Coming and Going on Facebook

Two-thirds of online American adults (67%) are Facebook users, making Facebook the dominant social networking site in this country. And new findings from the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project indicate there is considerable fluidity in the Facebook user population:

  • 61% of current Facebook users say that at one time or another in the past they have voluntarily taken a break from using Facebook for a period of several weeks or more.
  • 20% of the online adults who do not currently use Facebook say they once used the site but no longer do so.
  • 8% of online adults who do not currently use Facebook are interested in becoming Facebook users in the future.

FCC Releases Update of Methodology for Repacking TV Stations

The Federal Communications Commission released an updated version of the Longley-Rice model and TVStudy software it will use to calculate TV station coverage areas and interference as it repacks TV stations into smaller spectrum quarters after the FCC's incentive auctions.